1. Terms Related To Computer
Applications:
Applications,
also called programs, use the platform to perform tasks.
Bit:
A bit is the
smallest unit of information that a computer handles. A single bit can hold
only one of two values, 0 or 1.
Byte:
A byte is a
combination of eight bits arranged in sequence.
Compact disc
(CD):
A storage
device used to store data in a digital format.
Central
Processing Unit (CPU):
The central
processing unit (CPU) is the primary hardware device that interprets and runs
the commands you give to the computer.
Commands:
A command is an
instruction, which you give to a computer that causes an action to be carried
out. Commands are either typed by using a keyboard or are chosen from a menu.
Communication Channel:
A communication
channel is a path or a link that connects computers or peripheral devices, such
as printers and disk drives, to transfer information.
CPU speed:
The CPU speed
is the rate at which the CPU can perform a task, such as moving data to and
from RAM, or performing a numerical calculation.
Data:
Row facts and figures are called data.
Database Programs:
Database
programs are used to store and manage data in an organized way. You can also
use these programs to sort or search for information stored in a database.
Desktop:
After booting First Graphical Screen is called desktop.The desktop is
an on-screen work area that uses a combination of menus and icons.
Desktop Computers:
Desktop
computers are made up of individual components such as a monitor, a keyboard, a
system unit, and a printer.
Digital camera:
A camera that
stores images digitally on a memory device, such as a flash memory card or a
mini hard disk.
Digital
versatile disc (DVD):
A storage
device used to store data in a digital format.
Folder:
A folder is a
container for programs and files in GUI interfaces.
Gigabyte:
One gigabyte
(GB) is equal to 1,024 MB, which is approximately equal to one billion bytes.
Graphical User
Interface (GUI):
A graphical
user interface (GUI) displays images and pictures that allow a computer user to
interact with a computer easily.
Graphics Programs:
Graphics
programs are used to create and edit drawings. You can also use these programs
to enhance photographs.
Hardware:
Hardware refers
to all the physical components of a computer.
Home office:
An
arrangement that allows people to work from home.
Icon:
An icon is a
small image displayed on the screen to represent an object.
Input Devices:
An input device
is used to provide information to a computer. A keyboard is an example of an
input device.
Intranet:
A special type
of network used to communicate and share information within an organization.
Kilobyte:
One kilobyte
(KB) is equal to 1,024 bytes.
Laptop Computers:
Laptop
computers are lightweight and portable personal computers. Laptop computers are
also called notebook computers.
Local Area
Network (LAN):
A LAN connects
devices within a limited area, such as a home or a small group of offices.
Megabyte:
One megabyte
(MB) is equal to 1,024 KB.
Menu:
A menu is a
list of options from which a user can select an option to perform a desired
action, such as choosing a command or applying a particular format to part of a
document. Many programs, especially those that offer a graphical interface, use
menus as a means to provide the user with an easy-to-use alternative to
memorizing program commands and their appropriate usage.
Mobile phone:
A
wireless device that has the capabilities of a traditional wired phone and
allows you to make a call from almost any location.
MPEG Audio Layer 3 (MP3):
A format
developed by Motion Picture Expert Group to allow compression of audio and
video for digital distribution.
Network:
A network is a
group of computers that are connected to share resources and exchange
information.
Network Drives:
A network drive
is a disk drive that is shared with other computers on a network.
Online:
When a computer
is connected to the Internet, it is said to be online.
Operating
System:
The operating
system controls the computer’s hardware and provides services and access to the
hardware to programs. It also manages the computer’s
operations and
tasks, such as logging on, logging off, and shutting down.
Platform:
The hardware
and the operating system together are referred to as a platform.
Personal
digital assistant (PDA):
A handheld
computer that is used as a personal organizer. A traditional PDA includes
features such as an address book, task list, and a calculator.
Pixels:
Refers to small
units that make up a picture. The higher the number of pixels, the better the
quality of the picture.
Presentation Programs:
Presentation
programs are used to present information in the form of slides.
Processing Devices:
Processing
devices are used by computer users to process the input data and generate the
desired output.
Programs:
A program is a
sequence of instructions that can be executed by a computer. A program is also
known as software.
Publishing Programs:
Publishing
programs are used to combine text and graphics to create documents such as
brochures, greeting cards, annual reports, books, or magazines.
Resolution:
Refers to the
clarity and sharpness of a picture.
Server:
The server is
the main computer on a network that provides services to other computers on the
network. A server decides which computers are allowed to access the hardware
and software on the network.
Setup Wizard:
Setup wizards
are provided by Windows Vista. They guide the user through each step of a
particular task, such installing hardware or software.
Software:
Software is a
sequence of instructions that a computer can execute. It is also referred to as
programs.
Spreadsheet
Programs:
Spreadsheet
programs are used to create budgets, manage accounts, perform mathematical
calculations, and convert numerical data into charts and graphs.
Storage Devices:
Storage devices
are used to store data. A hard disk is an example of a storage device.
System Unit:
A
system unit refers to the box that holds the processor, motherboard, disk
drives, power supply, and the expansion bus.
Tablet Computer:
Tablet
computers are computers that allow you to write directly on the screen by using
a tablet pen.
Taskbar:
The taskbar is
a rectangular bar that is usually located at the bottom of the screen. You can
use the taskbar to select a program running on your computer.
Terabyte:
One terabyte is
equal to 1,024 GB, approximately equal to trillion bytes.
Wallpaper:
Wallpaper is a
pattern or picture on the screen background that you can choose.
Wide Area
Network (WAN):
A WAN is a
network that connects devices in geographically separated areas.
Window:
In Windows
Vista, a window is a rectangular area on the monitor that displays a program.
Each program has its own window.
Word-processing
Programs:
Word-processing
programs are used to create and modify text-based documents.
Workstation:
A workstation
refers to a computer connected to a network. You use a workstation to access
the hardware and software on a network.
2. Terms Related to Internet
Access point:
An access point
is a wireless connection device. It is used to connect a wireless computing
device to a wired network.
Add-ons:
Add-ons
are programs that help you view files, such as animation, audio, or video,
which are included in Web pages.
Back Up:
To make a
duplicate copy of a program, a disk, or data. The duplicate copy is called a
backup.
Cache Memory:
Temporary
memory on your computer that is sometimes used to store local copies of files
opened when you browse the Internet.
Chat Program:
Chat programs
allow you to send and receive messages instantly. You can use a chat program to
communicate with several people at the same time.
Computer
Privacy:
Keeping a
user’s data, including personal files and e-mail messages, such that the data
is not accessible by anyone without appropriate permission.
Computer Security:
The protection
of a computer system and its data from accidental or intentional loss and
tampering.
Cookie:
A small file on
a computer that is created when a user visits a Web site. A Web site uses
cookies to identify users who visit the site, and also track the preferences of
the users.
Copyright:
A method of
protecting the rights of an originator of a creative work, such as text, piece
of music, painting, or computer program, through law.
E-commerce:
E-commerce
refers to the business transactions made over the Internet, such as buying and
selling items online.
Electronic mail
(e-mail):
The
exchange of text messages and computer files over the Internet. An electronic
mail (e-mail) is the electronic form of the traditional postal mail. E-mail
allows you to exchange messages and files over a network.
Firewall:
A filter that
blocks unreliable information from the Internet before it reaches your computer
or a private network. It provides additional protection against threats such as
hackers and viruses. A firewall also helps to ensure computer privacy by
restricting external access by any unauthorized user.
Hacker:
A person who
uses computer expertise to gain unauthorized access to a computer, and then
misuses or tampers the programs and data stored on the computer.
Hyperlinks:
An element in
an electronic document that links to another place in the same document or to a
different document. Generally, you click on the hyperlink to follow the link.
Hyperlinks are the most necessary element in all hypertext systems, including
the World Wide Web.
Internet:
The Internet is
a worldwide collection of public networks that are linked to each other for
information exchange.
Intellectual
Property:
Any information
available on the Internet is an intellectual property, which is legally owned
by the person who created it. The owner of an intellectual property has the
exclusive rights to control the use of this information.
Internet
Service Provider (ISP):
An ISP is a
company that provides Internet connectivity to individuals, businesses, and
organizations.
IP address:
An Internet
Protocol (IP) address is a numeric address that specifies the exact location of
a computer on the Web.
ISP:
An
Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides Internet
connectivity to individuals, businesses, and organizations.
Modem:
A modem is a
connection device that allows you to connect your computer to the Internet. It
converts digital information into analog information and transmits it over a
phone line.
Network:
A network is a
group of computers that are connected to share resources and exchange
information.
Online:
When a computer
is connected to the Internet, it is said to be online.
Online
communities:
Online
communities are formed by groups of computer users who have common interests
and purpose to communicate with each other over the Internet.
Online Predator:
An individual
who develops contact with Internet users, through chat rooms, online forums, or
e-mail, to exploit them financially or involve them in dangerous relationships.
Password:
A unique string
of characters that a user types in as an identification code. It is a security
measure used to restrict access to computer systems and sensitive files.
Phishing:
The act of
extracting personal information, such as passwords and credit card details,
from computer users and then use the information for malicious purposes.
Plagiarism:
The act of
copying someone‟s work and using it as if it is your own work, without
mentioning the source.
Portal:
A
portal is a Web site that offers information related to a specific topic in the
form of a directory. A portal acts as a starting point to a number of resources
on the Web.
Protocol:
A protocol is a
standard method of transferring data between different computers.
Search engine:
A search engine
is a program that allows you to search and retrieve information over the
Internet.
Software Piracy:
Unauthorized
copying of copyrighted software without obtaining the license or permission of
its copyright owner is software piracy.
Spam:
An irrelevant
and unsolicited e-mail message sent by an unknown sender. A spam is sent to
distribute a message to many recipients at one time.
Spyware:
A computer
program that is installed on your computer without your knowledge. Spyware can
secretly send out information about your Web browsing habits or other personal
details to another computer through the network.
Username:
The name by
which a user is identified to a computer system or network. To access a
computer protected by username and password, a user needs to enter the correct
combination of username and password.
Universal
serial bus (USB) cable:
A cable that
helps you connect digital devices to a computer without turning off the
computer.
Virus:
A computer
program that is designed to cause malfunctioning of a computer or damage the
data stored on the computer.
Worm:
A
computer program that propagates itself across computers, usually by creating
copies of itself in each computer’s memory. A worm might duplicate itself in
one computer so often that it causes the computer to crash.
The Web:
The Web, also
known as the World Wide Web (WWW), is a collection of information that is
accessible on the Internet. This information is arranged logically and stored
on computers known as Web servers.
Web address:
A Web address
specifies the protocol to be used for transferring data between different computers
and the exact location of the Web site. A Web address is also known as the
Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
Web browser:
A Web browser
is a program that enables you to view and interact with various resources on
the Web.
Web page:
A Web page is a
formatted text document on the Web.
Web site:
A
Web site is a collection of one or more Web pages that are linked together and
made available through a Web server.
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